Accounting
Double-entry bookkeeping
Double-entry bookkeeping is the accounting principle where every transaction is recorded in at least two accounts, so total debits always equal total credits.
Applied to personal finances, it guarantees money never appears or disappears out of nowhere: a transfer leaves one account and enters another, and a purchase reduces cash while recording an expense.
It's what keeps net worth reconciled with real balances and surfaces data-entry errors as an imbalance instead of letting them accumulate silently.
Example
Paying a $900 mortgage instalment is recorded as $650 reducing the liability, $250 of interest expense, and $900 leaving the current account.